It
seems to me that all these cases point to the same conclusion: If we
are trying to decide which cases are equal, we have got to decide
first which characteristics are relevant to making that determination.
If we don't do that, we are in for some big trouble.
For one thing, there are always SOME differences and SOME similarities between any two cases.
If just any difference mattered, then there wouldn't be any equal cases at
all. If just any similarity mattered, we would end up saying that all cases are equal.
So we have to make some decisions. If need is
relevant, then perhaps the two men who do the same work should be
treated differently because one has more children to support. If gender
is relevant, then perhaps a man and a woman doing the same work should
be treated differently.
If common sense is any guide, there are lots of differences that none of us
think should count. The case of the judge giving longer sentences to short
people is an example. Under ordinary circumstances, height would never be
relevant to determining whether cases are the same or different in so far as
justice is concerned.
Which differences are the relevant differences when we
are talking about justice?
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