Let's be a little more
charitable to Herskovits and Benedict. They were not philosophers and
they were not trying to formulate a philosophical theory. Their
concerns were more practical and the problems they faced
were more immediate.
They were mistaken when they spoke as though a moral value or rule
of tolerance followed logically from cultural relativism. Professional
philosophers have had a great time beating up on them for making that
mistake. But in spite
of that, maybe what they said had value.
- They criticized the arrogance of the colonial powers.
- Perhaps their view, even though it involved a philosophical
mistake, was a useful corrective to years of interference and
abuse.
Besides that, even though Herskovits and Benedict were wrong to
think there was a logical link between cultural or ethical
relativism and tolerance, they may be correct if we interpret them
to be saying that there is a psychological link. In other words, it
may be a psychological fact that people who accept cultural relativism
or ethical relativism are more likely to be more tolerant of moral
diversity. In that way, ethical relativism may lead to tolerance.