Equality (Malik Speaking)
						MAIN PATH: John
			John	Fred			Dee

I think we have to go even further. A solid basic education is a good thing, and it would help to reduce substantive inequalities in income, higher education, health care, and so forth. But it will only go so far. We also have to deal with the history of injustice in this country and the impact that that history has on inequality today.

A considerable degree of substantive equality of condition has always been required in order to have effective equality of rights and freedoms. In American history, as it has been experienced by most of the white population, there have been enough resources spread widely enough that this has gone unnoticed. The same has never been true for black Americans. Never. This leads to some conclusions:

• In order to have the proper degree of equality today, we have to compensate African Americans for the effects of historic injustices on their lives.

• In order to have the broadest measure of effective freedom for everyone, we have to redistribute resources so that there is a greater substantive equality for all. I'm speaking here not only of African Americans but of women, Hispanics, and many others.

• Excessive freedoms, including the freedom of expression protected in this court case, should be cut back in order to allow for the development of the substantive equality and effective freedom of action I'm talking about.

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