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Dee, you are always trying to prove that your
ethical principles are entirely independent of
people's attitudes and preferences. Here you are
appealing to Alan Gewirth, an ethical
rationalist if there ever was one. I admire
Gewirth's clarity, his consistency, and his
thoroughness; but he's trying to do something
that's impossible. At least John is only trying
to show that there are some good reasons for
ascribing rights to people. I agree with that.
Gewirth wants to show that we are guilty of a
formal contradiction if we deny that people have
rights. Very few professional moral philosophers
accepted his argument. Here are a few comments
from Kai Nielsen.
Gewirth believes that, since I regard
it as essential that my own freedom and
well-being be protected, I must, to be
consistent, have a like regard for the
freedom and well-being of every agent.
What he has perhaps shown ... is that
agents (that is, each one of us) want
and need freedom and well-being and will
typically take steps, where necessary,
to protect their access to these goods.
In that way each individual, or at least
each rational individual, regards it as
essential that his freedom and
well-being be protected. But it doesn't
follow that he must believe, if he is
rational (Gewirth's sense), that he has
a right to his freedom and well-being.
He could quite consistently believe that
the protection of his own freedom and
well-being were for him necessary goods
which it was essential for him to
protect, if he could, and still, like
Bentham, regard talk of rights as
nonsense on stilts. [Kai Nielsen, Why
Be Moral, p. 252.]
As Nielsen points out, there is no reason why a
gangster cannot believe that he needs freedom
and well-being to carry out his plans without
believing that he has a right to freedom and
well-being.
When are you ever going to admit that we have
to take responsibility for creating our
morality? We can't get it from theology or logic
or science. It's up to us to define it and
adhere to it.
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