Ariadne's Thread on Justice
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Overall Structure

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Professor Sidgwick Speaking
Our time is just about up. Let me try to say something about the overall structure of Rawls' theory as I understand it. In doing this, I want to try to pull together several threads so that we can see how they fit together.

 

  • The principles of justice are those chosen in the original position. We could call them the 'correct' principles if we want, although Rawls doesn't use that word.
  • The principles chosen are to be accepted and followed because they are the outcome of a fair procedure. There is no independent criterion for choosing principles.
  • The original position is a fair procedure for choosing principles because (a) it embodies weak but widely accepted moral notions about justice found in our society, and (b) it includes a veil of ignorance that prevents bias and self-interest from influencing the choice of principles.
  • We know that the original position embodies widely accepted notions found in our society because the principles chosen in the original position are in a reflective equilibrium with our most considered judgments about justice as it applies to specific cases.
 

I think we're ready now to open the discussion and criticize Rawls' theory. That's what we'll do at our next session.


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