I
have read several criticisms of this last analysis of 'good' -- #4 on
your list of examples.
If we take the view that "X is good"
means "X is considered good by the dominant moral code in a
culture or subculture" or "X is considered good by the
majority in some group" then serious problems arise.
On either of these definitions, it becomes impossible for someone
in the group we are talking about to object to the dominant view or
the view of the majority.
For example, suppose I was in a group in which the dominant view or
the majority view is that "X is good." Now suppose that I
said "X is not good." That would be equivalent to saying
"X is not considered good by the dominant view or the
majority." But on our hypothesis that would be false.
The point is that if we define good in this way, moral criticism of
the dominant view or the majority view becomes impossible. But we all
believe that such criticism is commonplace.
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