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| Moral
Knowledge
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Ann Speaking
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I
think it's important to introduce a qualification here concerning
science. I lean toward the utilitarian ethical theory. Some
utilitarians in the 19th century thought that we could base ethics on
science. I don't believe that, but we have to be careful not to throw
out the baby with the bath at this point.
Science may not be able to prove ethical principles, but that
doesn't mean that science has nothing to do with providing support for
ethical judgments and ethical principles. For example:
- Science can sometimes be used to show that a given action
complies with or violates a given moral standard.
- Science can often be used to estimate the consequences of an
action. As long as we believe that consequences are important for
morally evaluating our actions, it follows that science can be quite helpful.
- Science can often tell us whether a given moral goal can or
cannot be achieved using certain means. Or it may be able to tell
us which means is the most efficient.
My
point is that science can be quite helpful in many situations even if
it can't 'prove' our principles or establish moral goals and ideals. There is no reason for an ethical
relativist to deny this.
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