Benefits and Losses (John Speaking)
						MAIN PATH: Fred
				Fred			Dee

So you're saying that we have to weigh both short run and long run benefits and losses. In the short run some black students gain and some lose. But in the long run, you believe that there will be big gains for blacks as a whole.

That raises another question, however. Ann says that affirmative action helps blacks a lot and Fred is saying that it hurts them. What if it turns out that strong affirmative action programs help some blacks a lot but also hurt others? What if the programs hurt more people than they help?

Could that happen? How can we find out? What information do we need? How should we weigh this?

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