Benefits and Losses (Malik Speaking)
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That's going way too far. Strong affirmative action doesn't solve every problem connected with race in America. That's for sure. But it is not a failure.

In the 60s and 70s we saw a very considerable expansion of the black middle and upper middle classes. That's progress. And it was PARTLY the result of affirmative action. We have seen the emergence of a group of very competent black professionals from excellent schools --people like Stephen Carter at Yale or William Julius Wilson at Harvard. We have seen the income gap between college educated black and white women who work full-time disappear completely. These are successes. It is simply a mistake to say that affirmative action doesn't work.

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