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Ann's argument is closely related to the wording of some of the
speech codes adopted on American campuses. For example, the University
of Michigan anti-harassment policy stressed the university's duty
to "to protect the educational environment of the University."
It also indicated that the university had a "compelling interest
in assuring an environment in which learning may thrive."
The policy adopted at the University of Wisconsin acknowledged
"the need to preserve the orderly processes of the university
with regard to its teaching, research, and public service missions."
These statements indicate that the argument of the universities
was based on the assumption that the university is a place with
it own goals and that universities have duties that require some
restrictions on speech. The argument was not one that could be
applied to society as a whole.