I have a similar complaint. I don't think the principle of utility considers people's basic needs. Everyone has certain basic needs and it seems to be that a just distribution of things must consider that. The principle of utility requires only that we maximize welfare. It doesn't guarantee that everyone's basic needs are met.
Another way to put this is to say that utilitarianism is not based on a notion of the common good. That's why someone can, in theory, use the principle of utility to exploit or abuse a few people for the advantage of many. If we insist that we want to satisfy the requirements of the common good, we cannot do
that.
|