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We will deal with most of the questions in the next two sessions. But right now, let's try to formulate some additional definitions that we can use. 

To begin with, let's clarify the terms 'moral or ethical judgments' and 'moral or ethical principles.' I suggest that we use the following definitions:

• A specific moral judgment applies to a specific action. For example, we may say "It was morally wrong for John to kill Harry."
• A principle is broader than a judgment. It provides a rule that applies to many specific cases. For example, we may say "It is wrong to lie" or "It is wrong to kill innocent human beings." Sometimes we refer to principles as standards or rules. And sometimes one principle is more fundamental than others in the sense that it is at a higher level of generality.