Benefits and Losses (Ann Speaking)
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What you're saying about who benefits from strong affirmative action is only partly true. I agree that there is some bias toward the better educated, better off blacks, but there's more to it than that.

Think about some of the Supreme Court cases involving affirmative action. In the Griggs case it was ordinary working class black people who won. In Weber the court upheld a training program that would increase the number of blacks in the skilled trades. In Alabama it was the state police force that was integrated. In other cases it has been fire departments. In all these cases ordinary working people have benefited.

I agree, though, that the very poor have not gained much.

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