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Larry May has attempted to extend our concepts of moral rights, harm, and responsibility to groups of people that are not formally organized. He takes the following view:

Normally it is thought that only groups which have decision-making procedures can be harmed since only groups of this sort have sufficient cohesion. But given that having an interest does not require complex organizational structure, decision-making procedures, or even the capacity for action, it will turn out that a wide range of social groups can be harmed, and should be recognized as having at least some form of standing to make legitimate moral or legal claims.

May goes on to describe ways in which people can be harmed as members of a group.

If people are in a state of solidarity, in which they identify the interests of others as their own interests, then most obviously, as Feinberg argues, vicarious harm is possible. But indirect harm can also occur to some members of a group when other members are directly harmed not just as individuals but because they are members of a given group. The individuals not directly affected can be said to be indirectly or vicariously harmed in that their status is adversely affected by what has occurred to their fellow members. . . .

Solidarity, on the one hand, and common external identification by others, on the other hand, create the kind of interests for group members which warrants giving their groups the standing which allows for justified complaints and claims for redress of harm. The harm suffered by the members of these groups is indeed group-based, and hence not reducible to the aggregate harms and claims of the individual members of these groups.

He finishes with a definition of what it means to say that a concept such as harm is group-based.

To say that a concept is group-based generally is to say that the full explanation of a given event cannot be made without some reference to a social group or to one of the features of a social group, such as its structure or the relationships among members which characterize the group.

Reference: From The Morality of Groups by Larry May, p. 113-116.