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The British philosopher D. D. Raphael provides the following brief statement of his view of the relationship between justice and rights. Keep in mind that many issues related to justice and rights are controversial.

In the law, the term 'justice' is used to cover the whole field of principles and procedures that ought to be followed. The system of law as a whole is often called, in legal parlance, the system of justice. Lawyers will distinguish 'the principles of natural justice,' as a relatively small, though fundamental, part of the legal system, from the rest of it, but the distinction here is not between justice and something other than justice; it is a distinction between a basic part of justice which may be called 'natural' and the remaining superstructure which is also justice but dependent on custom, precedent, and enactment. In social morality, however, justice does not cover the whole field of principles and actions that are considered right. Justice is the foundation of social morality, and without it the rest would collapse; but it is certainly not the whole of social morality. We contrast justice with generosity or charity, which we regard as going beyond mere justice. What a man is entitled to as a matter of justice we call his rights. Corresponding to these rights of the potential beneficiaries of just actions, there are duties for the potential agents. Generosity or charity implies duties for agents but not rights for the potential beneficiaries.

Reference: From Problems of Political Philosophy by D. D. Raphael, p. 113.