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We usually think of rights, responsibilities, harms, injustices, and compensation in relation to INDIVIDUALS. But not always. From the point of view of ethical theory it is important to ask what conditions must be met for us to think of these things in relation to GROUPS. Must the group be formally organized? Must it be legally recognized? Must its members think about it a certain way? Do we have examples of such groups?

It is sometimes said that blacks were harmed AS A GROUP and therefore should be compensated AS A GROUP. What might this claim mean and how can we decide whether it is true?