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Most philosophers agree that a just law should treat equal cases equally. But what this requires is open to different interpretations. It does not mean, for example, that everyone should be treated the same. Laws always make distinctions between individuals and treat those who do certain things differently from those who do not. Murderers are not treated the same as non-murderers.

Ronald Dworkin has argued that this requirement of justice means that we all have a right to be treated with equal concern and respect by our government.